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What is T.R.M.3 and how does it help my Energy?

Writer's picture: Healthy FoxHealthy Fox
Feb 45 min read

Updated: Feb 8

“Vital for energy production from fat is carnitine. It participates in the “carnitine shuttle”. It’s one of the key cofactors in order for proper fat metabolism to take place in the body as well as the brain. Both Carnitine and Acetyl Carnitine make up the last of the weight management trio in T.R.M.3. Carnitine is one of those unsung heroes that helps people maintain consistent and stable energy production, along with it’s acetyl form which helps peoples energy production in the brain!” Dr. Michelle 





T.R.M.3™


Optimize Mitochondrial Function and Support Energy Production

T.R.M.2 features two forms of the conditionally essential molecule, carnitine, to support mitochondrial function and energy production.* Carnitine is required to transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. T.R.M.2 uniquely combines L-carnitine and its acetylated form in a 4:1 ratio to support fatty acid metabolism and metabolic health.*

Ingredient Highlights:

  • 400 mg of L-carnitine (from L-carnitine tartrate)Supports normal cellular energy production and enhances mitochondrial function.*

  • 100 mg of acetyl-L-carnitineSupports overall health, with specific benefits for brain function and cognitive performance.*

Carnitine and Energy Production

Carnitine plays a crucial role in energy production, particularly in beta-oxidation, where fatty acids are converted into energy. Carnitine and carnitine acyltransferases transport acyl groups into the mitochondria for this process. The carnitine shuttle is essential for preventing the accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in cells, which could otherwise cause cellular damage. It also helps optimize mitochondrial function by regulating the acyl-CoA to CoA ratio. Through these processes, carnitine supports efficient fatty acid metabolism, energy production, and overall metabolic function.¹,²


Benefits of T.R.M.2:


  • Supports mitochondrial function and cellular energy production

  • Promotes fatty acid metabolism

  • Supports healthy body composition

  • Maintains a healthy lipid profile

  • Supports brain health


Disruptions in beta-oxidation can contribute to metabolic conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Carnitine has been shown to enhance glucose metabolism and may activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), which helps maintain insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.³

The major dietary sources of carnitine include meat, poultry, fish, and dairy, with endogenous synthesis contributing to approximately 25% of the necessary carnitine levels. However, vegetarians and vegans may require supplementation. Carnitine levels can be affected by conditions such as liver disease, diabetes, aging, and certain medications.³,⁶


Research on Carnitine Supplementation:


  • L-carnitine tartrate in T.R.M.2 has been shown to support normal cellular energy production, reduce oxidative stress, and promote a healthy inflammatory response.*In clinical studies, L-carnitine supplementation has been shown to reduce triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels, while improving total antioxidant capacity. One study demonstrated that daily supplementation with 2 g of L-carnitine tartrate for 8 weeks led to a significant reduction in oxidative stress and an increase in carnitine levels, compared to a placebo.⁷

  • Systematic reviews have shown that L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduces body weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass, with the most significant effects seen in individuals with higher BMI. It may also support liver health and improve lipid profiles, particularly in individuals with liver diseases like chronic hepatitis C.⁸,⁹

  • Acetyl-L-carnitine is a metabolite of carnitine that supports mitochondrial function and energy production. It crosses the mitochondrial membrane and contributes to the production of acetyl-CoA for energy production. Acetyl-L-carnitine has shown benefits in supporting brain health, improving cognitive function, and aiding neurotransmitter transmission (including acetylcholine, GABA, and dopamine). A study demonstrated significant cognitive improvements in patients with hepatic encephalopathy who were supplemented with acetyl-L-carnitine.¹⁷,¹⁸


Acetyl-L-carnitine has also been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder, particularly those with treatment-resistant depression. Supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine has been associated with reductions in pain and improvements in peripheral neuropathy.¹⁹,²⁰

T.R.M.2 offers a powerful combination of L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine to enhance mitochondrial function, promote energy production, support fatty acid metabolism, and maintain metabolic health, all while supporting brain function and cognitive performance.

References: 



  1. Almannai M, Alfadhel M, El‑Hattab AW. Carnitine inborn errors of metabolism. Molecules. 2019;24(18):3251. doi:10.3390/molecules24183251.

  2. Adeva‑Andany MM, Calvo‑Castro I, Fernández‑Fernández C, Donapetry‑García C, Pedre‑Piñeiro AM. Significance of l‑carnitine for human health. IUBMB Life. 2017;69(8):578‑594. doi:10.1002/iub.1646.

  3. Ferreira GC, McKenna MC. L‑carnitine and acetyl‑L‑carnitine roles and neuroprotection in developing brain. Neurochem Res. 2017;42(6):1661‑1675. doi:10.1007/s11064‑017‑2288‑7.

  4. Pirmadah F, Ramezani‑Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Talenezhad N, Clark CCT, Salehi‑Abargouei A. Does L‑carnitine supplementation affect serum levels of enzymes mainly produced by liver? A systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(5):1767‑1783. doi:10.1007/s00394‑019‑02068‑4.

  5. Talenezhad N, Mohammadi M, Ramezani‑Jolfaie N, Mozaffari‑Khosravi H, Salehi‑Abargouei A. Effects of L‑carnitine supplementation on weight loss and body composition: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of 37 randomized controlled clinical trials with dose‑response analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;37:9‑23. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.03.008.

  6. Abbasnezhad A, Hasanavand A, Falahi E, Kashkooli S, Asbaghi O, Choghakhori R. Effect of L‑carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles of patients with liver disease: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2020;25(2):124‑132. doi:10.3746/pnf.2020.25.2.124.

  7. Nachvak SM, Shabanpur M, Mostafai R, Heidari Moghaddam R, Moludi J. L‑Carnitine supplementation reduces biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomised controlled trial [published online ahead of print, Aug 20, 2020]. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020;1‑8. doi:10.1080/13813455.2020.1797102.

  8. Zhao T, Chen S, Wang B, Cai D. L‑Carnitine reduces myocardial oxidative stress and alleviates myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury by activating nuclear transcription‑related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1) signaling pathway. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e923251. doi:10.12659/MSM.923251.

  9. Li M, Xu S, Geng Y, et al. The protective effects of L‑carnitine on myocardial ischaemia‑reperfusion injury in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease undergoing CPB surgery are associated with the suppression of NF‑κB pathway and the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019;46(11):1001‑1012. doi:10.1111/1440‑1681.13155.

  10. Mohammadi H, Djalali M, Daneshpazhooh M, et al. Effects of L‑carnitine supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and lipid profile, in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial [published online ahead of print, Aug 23, 2017]. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;10.1038/ejcn.2017.131. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.131.

  11. Asadi M, Rahimlou M, Shishehbor F, Mansoori A. The effect of L‑carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and glycaemic control in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(1):110‑122. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.020.

  12. Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Impact of L‑carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19188. doi:10.1038/srep19188.

  13. Bruls YM, de Ligt M, Lindeboom L, et al. Carnitine supplementation improves metabolic flexibility and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine formation in volunteers with impaired glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial. EBioMedicine. 2019;49:318‑330. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.017.

  14. Askarpour M, Djafarian K, Ghaedi E, Sadeghi O, Sheikhi A, Shab‑Bidar S. Effect of L‑carnitine supplementation on liver enzymes: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(1):82‑94. doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.005.

  15. Zhang ZY, Fan ZK, Cao Y, et al. Acetyl‑L‑carnitine ameliorates mitochondrial damage and apoptosis following spinal cord injury in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2015;604:18‑23. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.021.

  16. Traina G. The neurobiology of acetyl‑L‑carnitine. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2016;21:1314‑1329. doi:10.2741/4459.

  17. Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Motta M, et al. Acetyl‑L‑carnitine improves cognitive functions in severe hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Metab Brain Dis. 2011;26(4):281‑289. doi:10.1007/s11011‑011‑9260‑z.

  18. Di Stefano G, Di Lionardo A, Galosi E, Truini A, Cruccu G. Acetyl‑L‑carnitine in painful peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review. J Pain Res. 2019;12:1341‑1351. doi:10.2147/JPR.S190231.

  19. Nasca C, Bigio B, Lee FS, et al. Acetyl‑L‑carnitine deficiency in patients with major depressive disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(34):8627‑8632. doi:10.1073/pnas.1801609115.

  20. Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Ajnakina O, Carvalho AF, Maggi S. Acetyl‑L‑carnitine supplementation and the treatment of depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(2):154‑159. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000537.

 
 
 

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